An ill food worker was implicated as the source of contamination in 31% of outbreaks. Most outbreaks were attributed to food prepared in a restaurant or catering facility (85%).
The pathogens that most often caused leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were norovirus (55% of outbreaks with confirmed aetiology), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (18%), and Salmonella (11%). On average, leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were larger than those attributed to other food types. During the study period, 606 leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks, with 20 003 associated illnesses, 1030 hospitalizations, and 19 deaths were reported. We reviewed leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 19. SUMMARY Leafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973–2012 It was found that the leafy vegetables grown with sewage water irrigation may cause severe human health problems. The concentrations of potassium increased in leaves, shoots, and roots in all vegetables, while phosphorous concentrations varied with species and plant parts with increasing sewage water concentration. Moreover, both As(III) and As(V) concentrations were positive significant (p roots > shoots under polluted water irrigation.
The predominant species in all the investigated vegetable samples were As(III) and As(V). Thirteen cultivars of leafy vegetables were collected and analyzed. The proposed method was applied for extracting As species from real leafy vegetables. The microwave assisted method using 1% HNO3 as the extractant exhibited satisfactory efficiency (>90%) at 90Â☌ for 1.5h.
The extracted As species were separated and determined by HPLC-ICP-MS method. Ma, Li Yang, Zhaoguang Kong, Qian Wang, LinĮxtraction of arsenic (As) species in leafy vegetables was investigated by different combinations of methods and extractants. Extraction and determination of arsenic species in leafy vegetables: Method development and application.